Electric glow-lamp.



No. 644,784. Patented Mar. 6, moo.

J. VAN VLECK & w. N. STEVENS.

ELECTRIC GLOW LAMP.

(Application filed June 8, 1899.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet I,

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No. 644,784. Patented Mar. 6, I900. J. VAN VLECK & W. N. STEVENS.

ELECTRIC GLOW LAMP.

(Application filed June 8, 1899.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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No. 644,784. Patented Mar. a, mom. J. VAN VLECK & w. u. STEVENS.

ELECTRIC GLOW LAMP.

(Application filed June 8, 1899.) (No Modal.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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BY W M 444 lINiiED STATES;

PATENT OFFTGE.

JOHN VAN VLEQK AND WILLIAM N. STEVENS, OF -NEW YORK, N. Y..; ASSIGNORS TO CHRISTOPHER D. SMITHERS, OF SAME PLACE;

ELECTRIC cLow'=LAM| srriclmon'rioiv forming part of Letters Patent no. 644,784, dated IVIa'rcli a, 19cc.

Application filed 11-11115 1899.

T at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JOHN VAN VLECK and WiLLI N. STEVENS, of the city of New York, State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric Glow -Lan1ps, of which the following is a specification. v

Our invention relates to that class of electric glow-lamps in which the light is emitted from a body of refractory material which at normal temperature is a non-conductor, but which upon being heated to a certain point becomes a conductor and is thus rendered incandescent by the passage of the current.

Our invention consists in the combination, with the heater and the glower, of circuitcontrolling mechanism and means for manually operating the same, whereby the circuit maybe established in both glower and heater or in the heater only or broken in both heater and glower; also, in devices combined with said manual operating apparatus for varying the proximity of heater and glower; also, in the special features of construction more particularly referred to in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of our improved lamp on the line 1 1 of Fig. 3, taken in the direction of the arrow a. Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the heater. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4 4c of Fig. 1, taken in the direction of the arrow b. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are electrical diagrams showing the circuits in the apparatus and also showing three different positions of the comm utator-switch, as

follows: In Fig. 5 circuit is broken through both heater and glower, in Fig. 6 circuit is made through both heater and glower, and in Fig. '7 circuitis broken through the heater and made through the glower. Fig. 8 is a detail view showing a modification of the arrangement of the glower.

Similar numbers of reference indicate like parts.

The term glower, hereinafter used for brevity, means a body of non-00nd ucting' material which is raised in temperature by the heater, and thus becomes a conductor and permits the passage of the electrical current, which causes it to glow.

Serial N5. 719,761. (No model.)

The term heater, hereinafter used,means a device whereby the glower, normally nonconducting, is elevated in temperature so as to become a conductor of the electrical cur rent.

The general arrangement of .our lamp will be best understood by reference to the diagram Figs. 5, 6, and 7. 5 is the glower, here shown in the form of a rod of suitable refrac tory material,which may be, for example,magnesia. The heater is indicated at 6. It may be a coil of highresistance wire, such as plati num. 7 is a commutator-switch in cylindrical form and having its periphery divided longitudinally into three sections. One of these sections presents a face 8, wholly of insulating material, as shown in Fig. 5'. The second section presents a face 9, wholly of conducting material, as shown in Fig. 6. The third section presentsa face having its middle third 10 of insulating material and its outer thirds 11 and 12 of conducting material. As will hereinafter be explained, this commutator is so arranged that on being turned forward one-third of a revolution from the position shown in Fig. 5 it assumes the position shown in Fig. 6, and being again turned forward one-third of a revolution assumes the position shown in Fig. 7, and being again turned forward a third of a revolution it resumes the position shown in Fig. 5 and so on.

Assume the normal condition of affairs to be as shown in Fig. 5. Bearing against the commutator-switch 7 are three spring-fingers 13, 14, and 15. The current enters the apparatus at the plus terminal and proceeds by the wire 16 to the glower 5, and thence by wire 17 to finger 13. A branch Wire 18 from wire 16 connects with the heater6, and thence by wire 19 to the finger 14. The finger connects by wire 20 with the minus terminal. Inasmuch as the fingers 13 14 15 in Fig. 5 are bearing against the insulating-face 8 of the commutator switch 7 no circuit is made through the apparatus. Assume the commutator-switch to be turned forward onethird of a revolution to bring it to the position indicated in Fig. 6. The glower 5 being normally non-conduoting, the current will pass from the plus terminal through the wire 18 to the heater 6, and thence to the wire 19 and finger 14, thence along the cond uctingface 9 of the commutator-switch 7 to the finger 15, and so by the wire 20 to the negative terminal. The heater 6 will thus be brought to incandescence and by radiation will bring the glower 5, which is in suitable proximity to it, to such a degree of temperature as will render that glowera conductor. The glower will then become incandescent and will emit light. It is now desirable to break circuit in the heater. To this end the commutatorswitch 7 is turned forward one-third of a revolution, bringing it into the position shown in Fig. 7. The finger 14 then rests upon the insulated portion 10 of the exposed face of.

the commutator-switch 7. Consequently circuit is broken through the heater; but cir-' cuit still continues through the wire 16, glower 5, finger 13, and so through the conducting material of the commutator-switch to finger 15, and so to the negative terminal. To extinguish the glower, it is only necessary, as already explained, to turn the commutatorswitch one-third of a revolution forward:

again, when all the parts will be brought into the position shown in Fig. 5.

From the foregoing, it will be seen thatour apparatus is a very simple mechanical contrivance whereby, by simply turning the commutator.-switch over a portion of a revolution, circuit is established through both heater and glower, and then after the glower is brought to incandescence another turn of the commutator-switch over a portion of a revolution cuts out the heater, leaving the glower only in operation, and that still another partial turn of the commutator-switch,which will extinguish the glower, leaves the circuit through both glower and heater broken in the apparatus.

We Will now refer to the constructive details of our lamp, as shown best in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. 21 is a socket internally threaded and so adapted to be attached to any suitable support. At its lower portion and on its inner periphery it is also threaded to receive the inclosing shell 22. The shell 22 has a threaded exterior at 23 to receive the flanged ring 24. Within the flanged ring is received the flanged upper edge of a cylindrical shell 25, the lower end of which is open and forms a socket to receive the cylindrical shell 26, and this shell 26 is detachably connected. to the shell by means of a bayonet-joint, (indicated at dotted lines 27.) It will be understood, therefore, that the parts 21, 22, 24, and

I 25 form the casing of the apparatus. The shell flanged metal cylinder 29, closed at the top and extending through the disk 28, to which quired.

it is secured by means of a nut 30, Fig. 1, ap plied to its threaded periphery. Between the flange 31 of cylinder 29 and the upper surface of disk 28 is a metal plate 32. Secured to the under side of the disk 28 by means of the bolt 33 is a metal arm 34. The bolt 33 passes through the bent-over upper end of the arm 34, then through the disk, and then through an opening in the metal plate 32, and at its upper extremity is a clamping-nut 35 for the circuit-wire 16. Also secured to the under side of the disk 28 by means of a bolt 37 are two arms 38 and 88. The bolt 37 passes through the bent-over upper end of the arms 38 and 88 and throughthe disk 28 and'has on its upper end a clamping-nut 39, which receives the minus circuit-wire 20. On the lower end of arm 38 is an opening toreceive the end of shaft 40 of the rotary commutator-switch 7.

.Said shaft also passes through the arm 84, so

that said shaft is journaled in the arms 38 and 34 and may turn freely therein. The righthand end of shaft 40, Fig. 3, is threaded to re ceivea knob 41, the shank of which extends through the cylindrical shell or casing 22. B y means of the knob 41 the shaft 40, and hence the commutator-switch 7, may be rotated in the manner already previously described. As represented in the drawings, the barrel 42 of the commutator-switch is of metal, and surrounding it is a sleeve 43, of insulating material; but it is to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to this particular construction, because we may make. said barrel entirely of porcelain or other insulating material, ,in which case no sleeve 43 will be re- Surrounding the insulated surface of the barrel is a metal sleeve formed in the following manner: There is a cam projection 44 extending over one third of the periphery and exposing the face 9, wholly of metal. The second third of this sleeve has its middle portion 10 cut away, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7, to expose the insulating-sleeve 43 beneath, leaving the two parallel cannshaped projections 11 and 12 on each side of the cutaway portion. The remaining third of the periphery of the metal sleeve is Wholly cut away, leaving only the protruding sides, as indicated at 46 in Fig. 1, and therefore exposing the insulating sleeve or surface 43 beneath. Also carried by the barrel 42 of the commutator-switch is a cam 47, of insulating material, which projects upward above said commutatoiaswitch and bears against a metal plate 48, which is on the under side of a bar 49, of insulating material. Through the bar 49 extends a metal cylinder 50, with which said plate 48 is held in contact by means of the set-screw 51, Fig. 1. The cylinder 50 enters the closed cylinder 29 and contains a spiral spring 52, which has its bearing against the bottom of the cylinder 50 and the top of cylinder 29. When the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1, the spring 52 is compressed.

53 is a disk of insulating material held within the lower portion of the shell 22 and resting on the upper flanged edge of the shell 25, being within the ring 24. I

54 is a rod extending downwardly from the disk 53. The upper portion of that rod is reduced in diameter and passes through the disk 53 and also through the bent-over lower portion of the arm 34. It is provided with a nut 55 on its upper end, by means of which the arm 34 is secured to the rod 54 and to the disk 53.

On the under side of disk 53, Fig. 4, and secured thereto by means of a screw-bolt 56 is a right-angled plate 57, which carries a rod 58, which extends downwardly. Secured to the side of plate 57 and extending up through an opening in disk 53 is a leaf-spring 13, which bears upon the commutator-switch 7. Also on the under side of disk 53, Fig. 4, is a rightangled plate 59, which carries the leafspring 15, which extends up through an opening in the disk 53 and also bears upon the commutator-switch 7. The opposite end of plate 59 connects by the bolt 89 with the arm 88, which, as already explained, is secured by the bolt 37 to the under side of disk 28. Also on the under side of disk 53, Fig. 4, is a plate 60, which has a rectangular opening, to be hereinafter referred to, and this plate 60 has an offset 61. On the oliset 61 is secured the leafspring 14, which extends up through an opening in disk 53 and likewise bears against the commutator-switch 7.

Return now to the cross-bar 49. Secured thereto by the nuts 63 are two downwardlydepending rods 64 and 65. The rod 65 extends down through a suitable opening in the disk 53. The rod 64 extends through an opening, already referred to, in the plate 60. On the ofiset 61, and secured thereto by the screw 62, is a leaf-spring 66, which bears against the side of rod 64, Fig. I. The lower portions of rods 64 and 65 are reduced in diameter and made cylindrical and pass through a block 67, of insulating material. Centrally disposed within the block 67 is a cylindrical sleeve 68, screw-threaded at its upper end to receive a cap 69. Between the cap 69 and the block 67 is interposed a metal plate 70, through which plate the rod 65 passes, as shown in Fig. 1. The lower side of block 67 is centrally recessed. Against the bottom of that recess the sleeve 68 bears. Within the cylindrical sleeve 68 is a spiral spring 71, the upper end of which bears against the cap 69 and the lower edge against a small disk 72, which is held in said sleeve by means of shoulders 73 on the lower portion of said sleeve. On the under side of disk 72 is a projection 74, having a rounded end. On the lower side of the disk 67 is a flanged socket 75. lies closely against the lower side of the disk 67, so that the reduced lower extremity of rod 64 passes through it. The corresponding extremity of rod 65 passes through a washer 65*, and the nut 76 on rod 64holds the flange The flange of this socketof said socket in place against the side of said disk, while the nut 76* secures the'end of rod 65.

Ve will now describe the special arrangements of heater and glower. The glower (rep resented at 5) may be a cylindrical rod, of magnesia or other suitable material. Where such a glower is supported simply by the circuit-wires connected to it at its ends, there may be a tendency to burn off or to'break the circuit-wires at the point of junction with the glower. In order to avoid this and ,to give the glower a strong and efficient support, we unite the ends of the gloWerdirect-ly, so as to make a close joint with a heavy mass of insulating material made in annular form, as shown at 77. This annular body is inclosed within the shell 26 and is provided with an exterior peripherical projection 78 to enter in a corresponding recess in said shell. Integral with this annular body are two arms 79 and 80, which extend downwardly and are joined in any suitable Way to make a close joint with the ends of the glower 5. In Fig. 3 we have shown the ends of the glower simply in contact with thesearms, which may be suitably molded. WVe may, however, t'orm recessesor sockets in the ends of said arms, as shown in Fig. 8, into which sockets the ends of the glower may be inserted and secured in any suitable way, as by cement. The leading-wires connected to the ends of the glower pass through the arms 79 and 80 and through the ring 77 and terminate in contact projections 81 and 82. Secured to the lower ends of rods 58 and 54 are bent springs 83 and 84, which bear, respectively, upon the contact projections 81 and 82 when the shell 26 is inserted in the socket formed by the lower cylindrical end of the shell 25.

The heater is arranged in the following manner: 85 is a block of insulating material inclosed within the shell 86, which shell 86 is adapted to enter the socket 75 and to be secured therein by a bayonet-joint, (shown at 87 in Fig. 3.) The shell 86 is constricted near its lower portion, and the block 85 is suitably formed in said constricted part, so that the block 85 is thus heldfirmly in the shell 86. The lower portion of the block 85 is concave and also cut away on opposite sides, so as to form an arch, as shown in Fig. 2. On the inner concavity of this arch is embedded the heater 6, which is made in the form of a zigzag or coil, the terminals of which connect with the circuit-wires, which are also embedded in the mass of block 85. One of these circuit-Wires connects with the headed contactplug 87. The other of said wires connects, for example, with the shell 86. The location of the heater is directly above the glower. When the heater is in its lowest position, the arch thereof extends over and straddles the glower. The object of making the lower side of the heater in this arched form is to cause the heat radiated from the heater to be reflected in the most eflicient possible manner IIO directly upon the glower, which lies, so to speak, in the focus of reflection.

We will now trace the circuits in the appa ratus, and for this purpose we will assume the commutator-switch to be in the position shown in Fig. 6that is to say, with the arms 13, 14, and 15 all bearing against the continuous metal face 9. Beginning at the plus terminal in Fig. 3, circuit proceeds by wire 16 to binding-post 35, by plate 32 on the upper side of disk 28 to exterior cylinder 29, and so to interior cylinder 50, to plate 48 on the under side of bar 49, thence to the vertical rod 65, Fig. 1, thence to the plate on the upper side of the bar 67, thence to the sleeve 68, contact-pin 74, contact-plate 87 in the insulating-block 85, thence through the wire in said block and through the heater 6, then to the socket and to the rod 64, to the leaf-spring 66, bearing against the side of said rod, to the offset 61, plate 60, leaf-spring 14, bearing against the commutator-face 9, thence to the leaf-spring 15, bearin g against said commutator-face, to the plate 59 on the under side of disk 53 to the pin 89, passing through said disk to the arm 88, bolt 37 on the under side of disk 28, and so to the minus Wire 20, which is clamped to the bolt 37 at 39. That is the heater-circuit, and it is obvious that when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 3 or Fig. 7 then the spring-finger 14 bears against the insulating-sleeve 43 of the commutatorswitch barrel or upon the insulating-surface of said barrel and that therefore that circuit is then broken.

The glowercircuit proceeds as follows: From the plus terminal by wire 16 to the binding-post 35, to the arm 34, red 54, contact-spring 84, contact-point 82 on the upper side of the ring 77, of insulating material, then by the leading-wire through the arm of said ring, through the glower 5 to the opposite arm 79, contact-point 81, contact-spring 83, rod 58, spring-finger 13, plate 9 of commutatorswitch, and so to finger 15, bearing against said plate, then to plate 59 on the under side of disk 53 to pin 89, to arm 88, bolt 37, and so to negative-terminal wire 20.

It will of course be obvious that when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 3 the circuit can proceed from finger 13 to finger 15, around the metal sleeve from the portions 11, and through 9 to 12. It will also be obvious that when the commutator-switch is turned so that the three fingers 13 14 15 all lie against the insulating-face 8 then no circuit is established between any of the fingers, or, in other Words, circuit in both heater and glower is broken.

The object of the cam 47 is to enable the heater to be raised upward away from the glower after the glower has been brought to incandescence, so that the heater will not be affected by the radiation from the glower. In

Fig. 1 this cam is shown as having moved the cross-bar 49 to its highest position, thus compressing the spring 52.

As shown in Fig. 3,

when this is the case circuit through the heater is broken, because the finger 14 now lies on the insulating-surface of the commutator-switch. Assume now the handle 41 to be turned one-third of a revolution to the right of Fig. 1. The cam will then move from beneath the cross-bar 49, while all three fingers 13 14 15 will then fall upon the exposed insulating-face 8. The bar 49 will then be free to be pushed down by the action of the spring 52, assisted, of course, by gravity. The rods 64 and 65 move freely through the openings in the disk 53, and therefore carry down with them the block 67, which in turn carries the socket 75 and the heater and its support arranged therein. Hence the effect of this partial revolution will be to break circuit to both heater and glower and also to bring the heater down into the position Where its arch will straddle the glower. Now consider the knob turned another third of a revolution forward or to the right of Fig. 1. Then all three fingers 13, 14, and 15 will lie upon the metal face 9 of the commutator-switch, as shown in Fig. 6; but the cam 47 will then be simply in a position ready to elevate the heater, so that the heater will be free to go on and communicate its heat to the glower until the knob is turned the last third of a circle to the right, which brings back the parts to the position shown in Fig. 1, with the glower left in operation and the heater cut out of circuit and also elevated to its highest position.

Summing up the operation of the apparatus in brief, therefore, it will be seen that it is really very simple and that all the operator has to do is to turn the knobin the proper direction-namely, to the right. He cannot turn it in reverse direction because of the cam arrangement of the three faces of the commutator-switch, which obviously prevent that switch being rotated to the left. Therefore all that he does, the lamp not being lighted, is to turn the knob until the springs slip from one face of the comm utator-switch and strike the next one. The heater then becomes incandescent, and in a very brief period the glower also. The operator then turns the knob once more to the right until he hears the first click, showing that the fingers have fallen upon the next face of the commutatorswitch, and in that way he breaks circuit through the heater and also elevates the heater for the necessary distance above the glower. The lamp is then in full operation and is left so as long as may be desired. To turn it off, the operator turns the knob still in the same direction for a third of a revolution and until the glower is extinguished.

We claim 1. In an electric glow-lamp, a heater, a glower, circuit-controlling mechanism for es tablishing circuit through said glower and breaking circuit through said heater, and means for manually operating said mechanism, substantially as described.

2. In an electric lamp, a glower, a heater, mechanism for altering the proximity of said heater to said glower and simultaneously throwing saidheater out ofoperation, and

means for manually operating said mechauism, substantially as described.

3. In an electric glow-lamp, a heater, a glower, circuit connections and a circuit-closing switch; the said switch being constructed and arranged so that upon an initial movement circuit shall be closed through both glower and heater, and upon a further movement circuit shall be broken through said heater, substantially as described.

4. In an electric glow-lamp, a heater, a glower, circuit connections and a circuit-closing switch; the said switch being constructed and arranged so that upon an initial movement thereof in given direction circuit shall be closed through both glower and heater, and upon a further movement in the same direction circuit shall be broken through said heater, substantially as described.

5. In an electric glow-lamp, a heater, a glower, circuit connections and acircuit-closing switch constructed and arranged so that upon an initial movement of said switch in given direction circuit shall be closed through both glower and heater, and upon a further movement in the same direction, circuit shall be broken through said heater, and means for preventing said switch being-moved in the opposite direction, substantially as described.

6. In an electric glow-lamp, a heater, aglower, circuit connections and a circuit-closing switch; the said switch being constructed andarranged so that upon an initial movement circuit shall be closed through both glower and heater, and upon a further movement, circuit shall be broken through said heater, and upon a third movement, circuit shall be broken through said glower, substantially as described.

7. In an electric glow-lamp, a heater, a glower, circuit connections and a circuit-closing switch; the said switch being constructed and arranged so that upon an initial movement thereof in. given direction circuit shall be closed through both glower and heater, upon a further movement thereof in the same direction, circuit shall be broken through said heater, and upon a third movement thereof in the same direction, circuit shall be broken through said glower, substantially as described.

8. In an electric glow lamp, a heater, a glower, circuit connections, a circuit-closing switch constructed and arranged so that upon a movement of said switch in a given direction circuit shall be closed through both glower and heater, and means for preventing said switch being moved in the opposite direction,

substantially as described.

9. In an electric glow-lamp, a movable heater, a glower, circuit connections, a circuit-controlling switch, and means for moving said heater controlled by said switch-the aforesaid parts being constructed and arranged so that upon an initial movement of said switch, circuit shall be closed through both glower and heater, and upon a further movement, circuit shall be broken through said heater and said heater moved away from said glower, substantially as described.

10. In an electric lamp, the combination with a heater, a glower, and circuit connections, of a rotary commutator in circuit, and means for actuating the same; the said commutator being constructed and arranged to close circuit through both heater and glower, to close circuit through the glower only, and to break circuit through both heater and glower,-substantially as described.

' 11. In an electric lamp, in combination with a heater, a glower, circuit connections, and contact-fingers as 13, 14, 15, of a rotary commutator against which said fingers bear, and provided on its periphery with aconductingface 9, aface of insulating material 8, and a face partly conducting and partly insulating as 11, 10, 12, substantially as described.

12. In an electriclamp, in combination with a heater, a glower,.circuit connections, and,

contact-fingers as 13, 14, 15, a rotary commutator against which said fingers bear and provided on its periphery with. an eccentric cons ducting-face 9 and an eccentric face partly conducting and partly insulating as 11, 10,

.12, substantiallyas described.

13. In an electric lamp, the combination I with a movable heat-er, a glower and circuit connections, of a rotary commutator, and means for actuating the same, the said commutator being constructed and arranged to close circuit through both heater and glower,-

to close circuit through the glower only, and to break circuit through both glower and heater,

and mechanism actuated by said commutator for moving said heater away from said glower when said commutator is set to break circuit through said heater, substantially as described.

14. In an electric lamp, in combination with a heater, a glower, circuit connections, a rotary commutator 7, and contactfingers as 13, 14, 15 hearing thereon, a movable support for said heater, and a cam 47 on said commutator for moving said support, substantially as de scribed.

15. In an electric lamp, in combination with a heater, a glower, circuit connections, a rotary commutator 7, and contact-fingers 13 14, 15 bearing thereon,a movable supportfor said heater,a spring acting on said support to move said heater into proximity to said glower, and a cam 47 on said commutator for moving said support against said spring to carry said heater away from said glower, substantially as described. f

16'. In combination with a glower of the kind herein specified, asupport of insulating material having arms or projections forming a close joint with the extremities of said glower, and leading-wires embedded in said arms and connected to said glower, substantially as described.

17. In combination with a glower of the kind herein specified, a support of insulating material having arms or projections provided with recesses to receive the ends of said glower, and leading-Wires embedded in said arms and connected to said glower, substantially as described.

18. The combination with the glower 5 of the ring 77 of insulating material having arms '79, 80, the said glowerat its extremities forming a close joint with said arms and leading wires embedded in said arms and connected to said glower, substantially as described.

19. The combination with the glower 5, ot' the ring 77 of insulating material having arms 79, 80, said glower at its extremities forming a close joint with said arms, the inclosing shell 78 for said ring, leading-wires embedded in said arms and connected to said glower, and means for detachably connecting said wires in an electric circuit, substantially as described. r

20. In an electric lamp of the type herein specified, a fixed glower, a heater, a support for said heater, rods 64 and 65 carrying said support, cross-bar 4:9 connecting said rods, rotary shaft 40 and cam 47 on said shaft and acting upon said cross-bar and through said rods and support to vary the proximity of said heater to said glower, substantially as described.

21. In an electric lamp, a cylindrical support, a glower fixed in position below said support, a heater, a support carrying said heater; the said heater-support being movable through said glower-support to vary the distance between said heater and said glower, substantially as described.

22. In an electric lamp, a glower, a support therefor having an opening, a heater and a movable support therefor; the support for said heater extending through andbeing movable in said opening in said glower-support, substantially as described.

JOHN VAN VLEOK. \VILLIAM N. STEVENS.

Witnesses:

.Gno. A. ORROK, CHARLES H. NICHOLS. 

